Kaal Sarp Dosh Puja is a Hindu ritual to mitigate the negative effects of the Kaal Sarp Dosh, a planetary alignment in Vedic astrology where all seven planets are positioned between Rahu and Ketu. The puja is performed by a priest and typically involves chanting the Maha Mrityunjaya mantra, offerings to Lord Shiva, and rituals like Rudra Abhishek and a havan with ingredients like black sesame seeds and ghee. It is commonly performed at holy sites like Trimbakeshwar Temple in Maharashtra and Ujjain's Mahakaleshwar Temple.